Mini Project - HOME AUTOMATION USING IR REMOTE

HOME AUTOMATION USING IR REMOTE

ABSTRACT:

            In this competitive world human cannot spare his time to perform his daily activities manually without any fail. The most important thing he forgets to switch off the room lights wherever not required. With this, even the power will be wasted up to some extent. This project gives the best solution for electrical power wastage. Also the manual operation is completely eliminated. The home appliances can be switched on/off using IR without actually going near the switch boards or regulators. The remote used in this project is IR remote.

The loads like lights, motors, heaters, power controlling system and also current through the loads can be controlled in this project. We can control all loads at a time from one place (control room) without connecting any physical wire between loads and control room.

IR remote acts as the transmitter in this project. When a button is pressed in the remote, the signal will be passed and received by the IR receiver TSOP Receiver. This signal is sent to the microcontroller which decodes the signal and performs the corresponding action in accordance with the button pressed in the remote. For example, if number 1 is pressed in the remote, the load 1 will be switched on/off according to the user requirement. The other tasks will be performed in the similar fashion using IR.

Mini Project - HOME AUTOMATION USING TV REMOTE

HOME AUTOMATION USING TV REMOTE

ABSTRACT:

            In this competitive world human cannot spare his time to perform his daily activities manually without any fail. The most important thing he forgets to switch off the room lights wherever not required. With this, even the power will be wasted up to some extent. This project gives the best solution for electrical power wastage. Also the manual operation is completely eliminated. The home appliances can be switched on/off using IR without actually going near the switch boards or regulators. The TV remote used in this project is IR remote.

The loads like lights, motors, heaters, power controlling system and also current through the loads can be controlled in this project. We can control all loads at a time from one place (control room) without connecting any physical wire between loads and control room.

IR remote acts as the transmitter in this project. When a button is pressed in the remote, the signal will be passed and received by the IR receiver TSOP Receiver. This signal is sent to the microcontroller which decodes the signal and performs the corresponding action in accordance with the button pressed in the remote. For example, if number 1 is pressed in the remote, the load 1 will be switched on/off according to the user requirement. The other tasks will be performed in the similar fashion using IR.

This project uses regulated 5V, 500mA power supply. 7805 three terminal voltage regulator is used for voltage regulation. Bridge type full wave rectifier is used to rectify the ac out put of secondary of 230/12V step down transformer.

The programming language used for developing the software to the microcontroller is Embedded/Assembly. The KEIL cross compiler is used to edit, compile and debug this program. Micro Flash programmer is used for burning the developed code on Keil in to the microcontroller Chip. Here in our application we are using AT89C51 microcontroller which is Flash Programmable IC.AT represents the Atmel Corporation represents CMOS technology is used for designing the IC. This IC is one of the versions of 8051.

HARDWARE COMPONENTS:

1.       AC MOTOR

2.       BULB

3.       IR Tx, Rx

4.      AT89C51

5.      POWER SUPPLY

6.      SWITCHES

SOFTWARE USED:

       1. KEIL u-VISION

       2. EMBEDDED C

Enjoy Mini Project - HOME AUTOMATION USING TV REMOTE. 

Project On Energy Meter Per Hour Average Max and Min Load Display On LCD

 Energy Meter Per Hour Average Max and Min Load Display On LCD

Now days there is rapid increase in the power consumption, which has given rise

to the scarcity in the power generation. There should be an immediate change in this

situation are else the results cannot be even imagined. This not only results in scarcity but

also imposes burden on the common man. This problem can be solved by monitoring the

average power consumption with max and min load which can help the user to monitor

the health status of his load devices as well as to have a control over the power being

consumed daily. This system also helps Transco department to impose tax if the average

power consumption per hour is more than the prescribed level by which we can control

the consumer from wasting the power.

So our aim in designing this device is to fulfill the multiple purposes of the

consumer and finally impart a control over the power consumption so that there will not

be any hazardous results in the near future due to the power scarcity. The device input

and output modules are controlled with help of a micro controller, which can be termed

as a control unit for the entire system. The energy meter is interfaced to the

microcontroller with the help of an interfacing circuit. This interfacing circuit is

something similar to a counter, which is capable of counting the pulses with respect to the

power consumed by the user. The microcontroller takes the responsibility to count these

pulses and derive the equivalent average, Min and Max loads for that hour duration. The

amount of power consumed is displayed on this LCD. In addition to this the controller is

also interfaced with few LED indicators.

The design of this system is very much sensitive and should be handled with

utmost care because the micro-controller is a 5 volts device and it is employed to monitor

the household power consumption per hour where it should be interfaced with a 240 volts

energy meter. So every small parameter should be given high importance while designing

 the interfacing circuit between the controller and the energy meter. The major advantage

of this system is its reliability to operate and a user-friendly output.

New Electronics and Telecommunication Topics

Latest Electronics and Telecommunication Topics

1. Electronic Applications of carbon Nano Tubes
2. Steganography In Images
3. Fuzzy Logic
4. Nano-polymerTechnology
5. Implementation Of Zoom Fft In Ultrasonic Blood Flow Analysis – Using Tms320c5x/6x(Code Composer) Dsp Processor.
6. FACE RECOGNITION USING NEURAL NETWORKS
7. BIO-MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION COMPUTER AIDED FIELD OF VISION
8. Palladium Cryptography
9. Data Security
10. Semiconductor Devices- A New Revolution In Memories
11. Artificial Neural Networks
12. NANOTECHNOLOGY-ASSEMBLER DESIGN AND NANO-COMMUNICATION
13. Transient Stability Assessment Using Neural Networks
14. GSM Security And Encryption
15. Spin Valve Transistor
16. An efficient algorithm for iris pattern recognition using 2D Gabor wavelet transformation in Matlab
17. WISE NET-Wireless Sensor Network
18. Optical Networking And Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM)
19. Wireless Technology – Bluetooth
20. Prototype System Design For Tele-medicine Using Fixed Wireless Internet
21. Optical Mouse
22. Nano Technology
23. Military Radars

Mtch Electronics and Telecommunication Topics

1. Cruise Control Devices
2. Boiler Instrumentation and Controls
3. Bio-magnetism
4. Bi-CMOS Technology
5. Cable Modems
6. Global Positioning System
7. Image Processing & Compression Techniques
8. MICRO CONTROLLERBASED POWER THEFT IDENTIFICATION
9. Robotics
10. Design Of 2-D Filters Using A Parallel Processor Architecture
11. Nano Technology
12. Bluetooth Based Smart Sensor Networks
13. MIMO Wireless Channels: Capacity and Performance Prediction
14. Real-Time Image Processing Applied To Traffic – Queue Detection Algorithm
15. RTOS -Vx Works
16. Evolution of Embedded Systems
17. Emerging Trends In Robotics
18. Optical Burst Switching
19. Psycho Physiological Credibility Assessment
20. Wireless internet access: 3g vs wi-fi
21. The Thought Translation Device (Ttd)
22. Optical Switching
23. Optical Computing Technology
24. NavBelt and GuideCane
25. Malty sensor Fusion and Integration
26. MOCT
27. MEMS Switches
28. Micro mechanical System for System-on-Chip Connectivity
29. Line-Reflect-Reflect Technique
30. Landmine detection using impulse ground penetrating radar
31. Interactive Voice Response System
32. Integration of IT in machine tools
33. Integrated Power Electronics Module
34. Image Authentication Techniques
35. Free Space Optics 

Enjoy Electronics and Telecommunication Topics.

WLAN-Wireless LAN

ABSTRACT of WLAN-Wireless LAN

The term “Computer Network” to mean a collection of autonomous computers interconnected by a single technology .By this interconnection they are able to exchange information. Local Area Networks are privately owned networks within a single building or campus of few kilometers in size. In a traditional LAN we are connecting computers to the network through cables. But the wireless local area network (WLAN) is a flexible data communications system that can use either infrared or radio frequency technology to transmit and receive information over the air. Here each computer has a radio Modem and Antenna with which it can communicate with other systems. One important advantage of WLAN is the simplicity of its installation. Installing a wireless LAN system is easy and can eliminate the needs to pull cable through walls and ceilings. WLANs allow greater flexibility and portability than do traditional wired local area networks (LAN). 802.11 was implemented as the first WLAN standard. It is based on radio technology operating in the 2.4 GHz frequency and has a maximum throughput of 1 to 2 Mbps.

Embedded Zero Tree – Algorithm for Image Coding

Embedded Zero Tree – Algorithm for Image Coding

In the present digital world, we manage and store different types of data like video,music,images, text files etc digitally in our computers which basically are digital systems. In the case of storing any media type we always look forward to minimum size and maximum quality. When we consider the case of storing an image, we always adopt a “compress and store” algorithm, in which the image is first compressed to reduce the space occupied by the image using compression algorithms and then the data is written into the memory for storage. There are already many algorithms available for image compression and storing and they are being used based on the application and importance of the data. Embedded Zero tree Wavelet (EZW) algorithm is an efficient compression algorithm which is comparatively a newcomer in the field of image coding.

INTRODUCTION

EZW algorithm is a lossy compression algorithm in which bits are generated in a bit stream, according to their importance. The EZW encoder calculates a best suited threshold value for compress the still image at a specific decomposition level, followed by multilevel decomposition steps using this threshold. Normally the threshold ranges from 6 to 60, for a decomposition level of 8

Fig: Example for a three level wavelet decomposed image

3D Technology

Introduction of 3D Television

Three-dimensional TV 3D Television is expected to be the next revolution in the TV history. They implemented a 3D TV prototype system with real-time acquisition transmission, & 3D display of dynamic scenes. They developed a distributed scalable architecture to manage the high computation & bandwidth demands. 3D display shows high-resolution stereoscopic colour images for multiple viewpoints without special glasses. This is first real time end-to-end 3D TV system with enough views & resolution to provide a truly immersive 3D experience.Japan plans to make this futuristic television a commercial reality by 2020as part of abroad national project that will bring together researchers from the government, technology companies and academia. The targeted "virtual reality" television would allow people to view high definitionimages in 3D from any angle, in addition to being able to touch and smell the objects being projected upwards from a screen to the floor.

Power Quality

INTROUCTION

The aim of the power system has always been to supply electrical energy to customers. Earlier the consumers of electrical energy were mere acceptors. Interruptions and other voltage disturbances were part of the deal. But today electric power is viewed as a product with certain characteristics which can be measured, predicted, guaranteed, improved etc. Moreover it has become an integral part of our life. The term 'power quality' emerged as a result of this new emphasis placed on the customer utility relationship.

The fact that power quality has become an issue recently does not mean that it was not important in the past. Utilities all over the world have for decades worked on the improvement of what is now known as power quality. In the recent years, users of electric power have detected an increasing number of drawbacks caused by electric power quality variations. These variations already existed on the electrical system but only recently they are causing serious problems. This is because of the fact that end use equipments have become more sensitive to disturbances that arise both on the supplier as well as the utility side. End use equipments are more interconnected in networks and industrial processes, that the impact of a problem with any piece of equipment is much more severe. To improve power quality with adequate solutions, it is necessary to know what kinds of disturbances occurred. A power quality monitoring system that is able to automatically detect, characterize and classify disturbances on electrical lines is therefore required.

INCREASED INTEREST IN POWER QUALITY

Power quality is an increasingly important issue for all business. A recent study by IBM showed that power quality problems cost US business more than $15 billion a year. The increased interest in power quality has resulted in significant advances in monitoring equipments that can be used to characterize disturbances and power quality variations. The recent increased interest in power quality can be explained in a number of ways.
¢ Equipments have become more sensitive to voltage disturbances
The electronic and power electronic equipments have especially become much more sensitive to voltage disturbances than their counterparts 10 or 20years ago.
¢ Equipments cause voltage disturbances
Modern electronic and power electronic equipments are not only sensitive to voltage disturbances but also cause disturbances for other customers. E.g. Non-sinusoidal current drawn by rectifiers and inverters.
¢ Technical challenge taken up by utilities
Designing a system with a high reliability of supply at a limited cost is a technical challenge which appealed to many in the power industry and hopefully still does in the future.
¢ Power quality can be measured.
The availability of electronic equipments to measure and show wave forms has certainly contributed to the interest in power quality.

Black-Box

Abstract::

As the technology progressing, the speed of traveling is also increased. The source to destination became so closer to each others. The main advancement in the field of the air traveling system with the help of airplane. This is the major discovery of technology. But as the speed increases , the horror of air crash also introduced. Because at a height of 2000m and above if a plane crashes ,it will be a terror for any body. So to take the feed back of the various activities happens in the plane and record them engineers need a mechanism to record such activities .
With any airplane crash, there are many unanswered questions as to what brought the plane down. Investigators turn to the airplane's flight data recorder (FDR) and cockpit voice recorder (CVR), also known as "black boxes," for answers. In Flight 261, the FDR contained 48 parameters of flight data, and the CVR recorded a little more than 30 minutes of conversation and other audible cockpit noises.

Wireless LAN Security

Wireless LAN Security

Wireless local area networks (WLANs) based on the Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity) standards are one of today's fastest growing technologies in businesses, schools, and homes, for good reasons. They provide mobile access to the Internet and to enterprise networks so users can remain connected away from their desks. These networks can be up and running quickly when there is no available wired Ethernet infrastructure. They can be made to work with a minimum of effort without relying on specialized corporate installers. 

Some of the business advantages of WLANs include: 

" Mobile workers can be continuously connected to their crucial applications and data;
" New applications based on continuous mobile connectivity can be deployed;
" Intermittently mobile workers can be more productive if they have continuous access to email, instant messaging, and other applications;
" Impromptu interconnections among arbitrary numbers of participants become possible.
" But having provided these attractive benefits, most existing WLANs have not effectively addressed security-related issues.

THREATS TO WLAN ENVIRONMENTS

All wireless computer systems face security threats that can compromise its systems and services. Unlike the wired network, the intruder does not need physical access in order to pose the following security threats:

Eavesdropping

This involves attacks against the confidentiality of the data that is being transmitted across the network. In the wireless network, eavesdropping is the most significant threat because the attacker can intercept the transmission over the air from a distance away from the premise of the company.

Tampering

The attacker can modify the content of the intercepted packets from the wireless network and this results in a loss of data integrity.

Unauthorized access and spoofing

The attacker could gain access to privileged data and resources in the network by assuming the identity of a valid user. This kind of attack is known as spoofing. To overcome this attack, proper authentication and access control mechanisms need to be put up in the wireless network.

Class-D Amplifiers

Class-D Amplifiers

Class D amplifiers present us with a revolutionary solution, which would help us eliminate loss and distortions caused due to conversion of digital signals to analog while amplifying signals before transmitting it to speakers. This inchoate piece of knowledge could prove to detrimental in improving and redefining essence of sound and take it to a different realm.
This type of amplifiers do not require the use of D-A conversion and hence reduce the costs incurred for developing state of art output technology. The digital output from sources such as CD's, DVD's and computers now can directly be sent for amplification without the need for any conversion.
Another important feature of these unique and novel kind of amplifiers are that they give us a typical efficiency of 90% compared to that of the normal ones which give us a efficiency of 65-70%. This obviously means less amount of dissipation that indirectly means lower rated heat sinks and low waste of energy. This makes the use of D type amplifiers in miniature and portable devices all the more apt.
All these years D type amplifiers have been used for purposes where efficiency was the key whereas now developments in this technology have made its entry possible into other domain that are less hi-fi. Thus showing up in MP3 players, portable CD players, laptop computers, cell phones, even personal digital assistants.

Mobile Train Radio Communication

Definition Of Mobile Train Radio Communication

Each mobile uses a separate, temporary radio channel to talk to the cell site. The cell site talks to many mobiles at once, using one channel per mobile. Channels use a pair of frequencies for communication. One for transmitting from the cell site, the forward link , and one frequency for the cell site to receive calls from the users, the reverse link.
Communication between mobile units can be either half-duplex or full-duplex. In case of half-duplex , transmit and receive communications between the mobile units are not at the same time, i.e. talking and listening can not be done at the same time. In case of full-duplex communication, transmit and receive communication is at the same time, i.e. one can talk and listen at the same time.
When communications between mobile units are within a cell , and if the same is half-duplex , then it shall require only one pair of frequency. If the same is full-duplex , then requirement of frequency pair shall be two.
When a mobile unit is communicating with a mobile unit outside the cell, then the requirement of frequency pair shall be one per cell for both half-duplex and full-duplex communication. Hence the system resources are utilized more if the mobile units communicate with each other in full-duplex mode.